Each person perceives the events in his own way and expresses his thoughts to others. However, since ancient times, the laws of the logical construction of inferences that are able to determine the truth and delusions have been entrenched in society.
Instructions
Step 1
How consistent are your statements?
A person must have stable thinking and show consistency in expressing his own thoughts. Among the basic laws of logic, the law of identity is distinguished. Its essence lies in the fact that in the process of concrete reasoning, the given thoughts must be identical, i.e. are equal to themselves. There should be no contradictions in reasoning, and one thought cannot be substituted for another. It is inadmissible to present identical thoughts as different, and to combine different concepts into one category and equate them. For example, often in the course of discussions, people deliberately seek to divert the attention of the interlocutor and ask questions that are not related to the topic of the conversation. Incorrect use of homonyms in speech - words that have two meanings, can lead to a lack of logic. For example, to speak of a person as a historical person, because in his presence there are always some stories going on would be a violation of the law of identity. In this case, the second statement does not follow from the first, and they are not equal in content.
Step 2
Do you have conflicting thoughts and beliefs?
According to the law of non-contradiction, one cannot simultaneously affirm and deny something. If any object has a certain property, then it is unacceptable to deny this quality. There will be no contradictions if a person speaks about different subjects or about the same thing, but taken at different times or in different situations. For example, saying that rain is favorable in the fall would not be accurate. It will be good for mushroom growth, but not good for harvesting. Thus, two opposing judgments cannot be applied in the same respect.
Step 3
Are you able to choose the correct statement when presented with two opposing statements?
The law of exclusion of the third states that of two conflicting thoughts, one will be true and the other false. There is no third. According to this law, the item either contains the specified feature or is absent. But this principle is not applicable in judgments that relate to the future and are only assumptions. Also, it is not used in cases where both judgments are knowingly false. For example, it makes no sense to choose the right decision when it is argued that all mushrooms are either edible or not. The law applies in cases where it is dealing with a tough situation: true or false.
Step 4
Are you convincing enough in your speech?
The law of sufficient reason formulates the need for any true thought to have sufficient justification. In this case, the emphasis is placed on the fact that it is impossible to prove false thoughts. All people are mistaken, but only fools continue to defend their delusions. Any truth can be proved by giving a sufficient number of facts.
