It is customary to refer to the inner state of a person who is in need of something as a need. Adhering to the classification by object, needs can be divided into personal, group, collective and social. Individual needs, in turn, can be broken down into several categories.
Instructions
Step 1
Today, the generally accepted classification of needs is created by the American psychologist A. Maslow, who developed the theory of human motivation, within which the following are distinguished:
Step 2
Physiological needs - which are the most basic - the need for oxygen, food, water, shelter, sexual satisfaction - and have an absolute priority over all other human needs.
Step 3
Security needs are second only to physiological needs. The concept of security, in this case, includes the category of stability. Stability implies the ability to plan, predict the likely future and a willingness to put up with monotonous routine rather than seek uncalculated changes.
Step 4
In third place are the needs for love and belonging to someone, and love, according to the researcher, cannot be identified with sexual attraction that belongs to the category of physiological needs. Lack of love is considered by many psychologists as the main factor in suppressing personal growth and the development of an individual's capabilities.
Step 5
Evaluation needs, subdivided into the need for self-esteem (self-confidence, competence, adequacy) and the need for evaluation by others (recognition, prestige, reputation, status).
Step 6
The need for self-actualization, defined by Maslow as "the desire to become more and more what you are, to become everything that you are capable of becoming." It should be noted that the need for self-actualization manifests itself only if all of the above needs are satisfied.
Step 7
The need for knowledge and understanding, characterized by the scientist as "curiosity" and attributed to the category of species characteristics of a person. The reasons for this conclusion are:
- thirst for knowledge that can carry danger (Galileo, Columbus);
- thirst for the unknown;
- loss of interest in life among people who do not receive enough intellectual information;
- natural curiosity of children;
- the pleasure derived from satisfying curiosity
Step 8
Aesthetic needs are an instinctive need for beauty, previously ignored by science, confirmed by the connection of the individual “I” with a sense of health, well-being and beauty (a person in dirty clothes feels uncomfortable in an expensive restaurant).
Step 9
The needs for growth - directly related to the values of life, express the higher nature of man. The values of life include:
- integrity and perfection;
- completeness and fairness;
- vitality and richness of manifestations of the process of being;
- simplicity and beauty;
- goodness and individual originality;
- ease and inclination to play;
- truthfulness, honesty and self-sufficiency.
Step 10
It should be remembered that a satisfied need ceases to be a need and does not affect a person's motivation.
