Unconscious and conscious - these two concepts are included in the concept in psychology, which characterizes two closely related sides of a person's ideas about his own personality. Therefore, when it comes to the unconscious, one cannot but touch upon the conscious. Despite the fact that usually these aspects of the personality are opposed, they still form a single whole, although they work at different levels.
Instructions
Step 1
Consciousness, otherwise called conscious, is the form in which the objective reality, reflected by the human psyche, appears. This is not to say that the conscious and reality coincide, but it can be argued that there is something in common between them. It is the conscious that is the connection between reality and the unconscious; on its basis, a person forms his picture of the world.
Step 2
The unconscious is otherwise called the subconscious. These are various processes in the human psyche that are not controlled by it, most often, they are not realized at all and are not reflected in intelligent activity. Even if you place the subconscious in certain aspects of it in the focus of your attention, it is extremely difficult to grasp it.
Step 3
The unconscious can manifest itself in several aspects. First of all, it is a motivation for action that is unconscious by a person. It may be that the true causes of behavior are unacceptable from the point of view of ethics or sociality of the individual, so they are not recognized. It happens that several true causes of behavior come into clear conflict, and although they induce one action, some of them are located in the unconscious, so a contradiction does not arise in a person's head.
Step 4
Secondly, various algorithms of behavior belong to the unconscious, which are so worked out by a person that it is not even necessary to perceive them, so as not to occupy the resource of the brain. The third manifestation of the unconscious is perception. Usually, in order to process information about an existing situation, the brain has to analyze a huge amount of information, and if every action happened consciously, a person would not be able to react to the stimulus. Also, the unconscious includes the processes of intuition, inspiration, inspiration and similar phenomena. They are also based on the information accumulated in the unconscious layer, which is used in an incomprehensible way for consciousness.
Step 5
The first to develop the theory of the unconscious was Sigmund Freud, an Austrian psychologist. He was interested in the fact that unconscious motivations of people are manifested in dreams, neurotic pathologies and creativity, that is, in states when a person does not particularly restrain himself. Freud noted that the contradiction between consciousness and desires dictated by the subconscious often leads to internal conflicts in a person. The method of psychoanalysis is designed to resolve this contradiction and help a person find an acceptable way out for the realization of subconscious tension.
Step 6
Freud's theory was subconsciously developed by the Austrian scientist Carl Gustav Jung, who identified unconscious processes not only of one person, but also collective ones, as well as Jacques Marie Emile Lacan, who drew a parallel between psychoanalytics and linguistics and proposed the treatment of patients with linguistic methods. Not all psychotherapists agreed with him, although in some cases Lacan's method did indeed lead to success.
