Perhaps, many have heard about such a mental pathology as schizophrenia. However, not every person knows that this disease has different forms. Depending on the species, certain distinctive features are added to the main symptoms of schizophrenia.
Schizophrenia is a mental illness that in the overwhelming majority of cases leads to disability. Only about 30% of all patients retain the ability to carry out normal activities and do not receive the status of a disabled person.
Schizophrenia is the general name for pathologies that can take five different forms. They are invariably united by the fact that a patient with any type of schizophrenia suffers from thinking, volitional impulses and the emotional sphere.
Simple form
Most often, this type of pathology is diagnosed in boys under the age of 18. The simple form of schizophrenia has an extremely poor prognosis; it is classified as a malignant mental pathology. A maximum of 5 years after the onset of the disease, a person loses all legal capacity and is forced to always be in a mental institution under the supervision of doctors and orderlies.
This form of schizophrenia is characterized by a complete absence of remission. That is, the state of the disease is chronic and stable, severe, without the so-called "light gaps".
Patients usually have no hallucinations, delusions and illusions. However, the typical symptoms of schizophrenia are very pronounced and progress very quickly.
A simple form of the disease manifests itself with the following signs:
- minimum of emotions, there is practically no facial expression;
- persistent lack of interest in any activity, constant passivity;
- isolation and lack of communication;
- behavior in general is very monotonous;
- the patients speak monotonously, crumpledly, the speech is viscous and not fully understandable, there may be vague and groundless statements that are not related to the topic of the conversation;
- however, patients can answer clearly to banal and as simple questions as possible; as a rule, they are able to give their name, determine which season of the year is in the yard, and so on.
Geberfrenia
The Heberfernic form of schizophrenia has an extremely early time of onset of development. Symptoms usually begin as early as 12 years of age. Such a diagnosis is never made if the patient is over 15-16 years old. This type of mental pathology is also characterized by a complete absence of remissions, and the disease progresses quite quickly.
Typical manifestations include:
- excessive euphoria;
- elevated mood;
- foolishness and playfulness;
- antics, comic behavior;
- ridiculous and stupid, sometimes vulgar, jokes;
- gratuitous exclamations of enthusiasm;
- aggression and negativism, stubbornness.
Patients constantly feel anxiety amid euphoria. They express their emotions and feelings most often through grimaces, grimaces and gestures. People with this form of schizophrenia have an increased craving for tactile contact: they constantly strive to touch people nearby, hug their interlocutor, and so on. As the disorder progresses, a condition occurs when the person constantly mutters. However, it is impossible to make out the meaning of his statements, to understand the logic of reasoning.
Catatonic form of schizophrenia
This type of pathology is characterized either by stupor (prolonged stay in one position, even in the most uncomfortable position), or by catatonic excitement. Mutism may be present - refusal to talk, the inability to speak while the speech apparatus is intact. Stereotyped movements are also typical.
Catatonic schizophrenia quickly leads to disability, does not have remissions, and develops rapidly.
Paranoid form
This type is characterized by three variants of the course of the disease:
- paranoid - there is delusion, most often persecution, but there are no hallucinations and illusions;
- paranoid - there are hallucinations or psvedogallucinations; it is for this form of schizophrenia that voices in the head are characteristic;
- paraphrenic - there are no illusions, hallucinations, but there is delirium of a universal scale (if a person calls himself president, then not a separate country, but the whole world or the entire Universe).
Pathology usually develops at the age of 25-45 years. It is not a malignant form, but it can still ultimately lead to disability. This type of schizophrenia is characterized by rather prolonged remissions.
In the course of the development of the disease, delusional ideas are transformed, disintegrated, become too scarce and absurd. If auditory, visual or tactile hallucinations were noted at once, then they can take a persistent form (constantly accompany a sick person).
Circular form
This subtype of schizophrenia is the easiest and most conditionally safe. Typical symptoms include either a feeling of euphoria, a state of mania (manic state), or a depressive mood.
This form progresses extremely slowly. As a rule, seizures are rare, and "light gaps" - remissions - last for years. The prognosis in this case is quite favorable, since personality changes are growing slowly.
