Each person is individual in his own way. The way the character of each person develops is influenced not only by his environment and external factors, but also by certain innate characteristics, one of which is temperament.
It is necessary
A textbook on general psychology
Instructions
Step 1
The ancient Greeks laid the foundation for the doctrine of temperament. It was first created by the ancient physician Hippocrates, and his ideas were continued by the Roman physician and philosopher Claudius Galen. Thanks to research, they came to the conclusion that the individual characteristics of a person are determined by the ratio of fluids in his body. Hence the modern names for the types of temperament. Which of the four fluids - blood, lymph, yellow bile or black bile - prevails, affects the characteristics, mentality, behavior of the individual. In the case when blood predominates (from the Latin "Sanguis"), the person is sanguine. If the power is taken by lymph (from the Latin "Phlegma"), then the person is phlegmatic. Yellow bile (from the ancient Greek "Choie") - a choleric person. If black bile prevails (from the ancient Greek "Melania choie"), then you have a melancholic. This teaching went down in history as the humoral theory of temperament of Hippocrates-Galen. It is called humoral because the Latin "humor" means "liquid". Later this theory was developed by scientists all over the world.
Step 2
The phlegmatic is described in modern psychology as balanced, somewhat slow, inert, inactive. He is generally a conservative, does not recognize innovations. His gestures and facial expressions are restrained, his speech is unhurried. Laziness, calmness, restraint are inherent in him. His mood often remains unchanged. Despite this, he is recognized by Pavlov as the owner of a strong type of nervous system. Choleric, on the contrary, is unstoppable, active, impetuous, emotional (often even too much). His mood often changes, his facial expressions and gestures are pronounced. Unlike the phlegmatic, this is an unbalanced type. A sanguine person, like a choleric person, is very active, sociable, benevolent. He is a clear optimist and rationalist. But, unlike a choleric person, he is balanced. The melancholic is distinguished by high emotionality, vulnerability, closeness and even pessimism. He is clearly sentimental and impressionable, reacts very sharply to external stimuli. Often the melancholic is presented as a weak type, in contrast to all of the above.
Step 3
Today, the attitude towards temperament and its connection with a person's character is ambiguous. There are four main approaches to this issue. Some scholars believe that the concepts of temperament and character are identical. Others, on the contrary, present them as something completely opposite to each other. Still others believe that temperament is part of and inherently associated with character. They represent temperament as a core, foundational character. Still others see temperament as the natural basis of character. Of course, none of them are right and none of them are wrong. Each opinion is partly true and has a place to be. But no matter what theory psychologists adhere to, they all agree that temperament, unlike character, is an innate characteristic of a person's personality that does not change over time. Temperamental traits appear somewhere around 4-5 years of age. But not only temperament determines the behavior of the individual. It is like a foundation on which many floors can be tuned during life in the form of new character traits acquired in the process of socialization. As they say, temperament is what a person is born with, and character is a product of work on oneself throughout life.
