The development and formation of the personality is influenced by biological and social factors. Depending on the psychological school, their meaning and importance is interpreted in different ways. Social factors have an impact throughout a person's life. The biological ones include those properties and features that are genetically determined and innate.
The development and improvement of personal qualities occurs throughout life. According to some scientists, the personality is formed in accordance with innate inclinations and abilities, and society plays only an insignificant role. Representatives of another point of view believe that a person is a product that is formed in the process of interaction with the outside world, and any innate qualities can change under the influence of environmental factors.
Biological factors of personality development
The biological factors of personality formation include the characteristics that a child receives in the process of intrauterine development. They are due to many external and internal reasons. The fetus does not perceive the world directly, but is continuously influenced by the feelings and emotions of its mother. Therefore, there is a "registration" of the first information about the surrounding world.
Genetic factors also play an important role. It is believed that heredity is the basis for personality formation. These include:
- abilities;
- physical qualities;
- type and specificity of the nervous system.
Genetics explains the individuality of each person, his difference from others.
Later, after birth, the formation of personality is influenced by crises of age development. It is during these periods that a turning point occurs, when some qualities lose their relevance, and new ones appear in their place.
Social factors of personality formation
The formation of personality occurs in stages, while the stages have common features in all people. First of all, the upbringing that a person receives in childhood has an impact. Further perception of everything around depends on it. D. B. Elkonin argued that already in the first year of life, a child develops "basal trust or distrust in the world around him." In the first case, the child chooses for himself a positive component that guarantees healthy development of the personality. If the tasks of the first year remain unresolved, a basal distrust of the world is formed, complexes and shame appear.
The formation of the personality is also influenced by society, when there is an acceptance and awareness of one's own role. Socialization lasts a lifetime, but its main stages take place in a young return. The formation of the personality in the process of communication is carried out through imitation, the development of ideals and independence. Primary socialization takes place in the family, and secondary - in social institutions.
Thus, the process of personality formation is influenced by hereditary factors and the unique conditions of the microenvironment in which a person is.
