Temperament is a person's innate individual properties that determine his response to environmental stimuli. Features of physiology and psychology of personality affect the speed, balance and strength of the reaction, which entails certain mental manifestations: the rate of speech, facial expressions, manner of communication, mobility. Psychologist Eysenck identified four types, proposing special tests to identify introversion or extraversion and mental stability.
Instructions
Step 1
Human temperament is a psychophysiological feature, that is, its formation is based on the psyche and physiology of a person. It is given by nature, reflects heredity and manifests itself in infancy. You can watch newborn babies to notice different reactions to stimuli: some often cry, get scared quickly, others almost always behave calmly.
Step 2
It has been proven that temperament cannot be changed. Research has shown that all people are capable of experiencing the same set of emotions and experiencing them in the same way. But under the influence of various processes of arousal and inhibition that take place in the cerebral cortex, people express and experience them differently: someone will violently show joy or anger, someone looks completely balanced even in difficult situations. External emotions are not the only sign; the mental properties of a person also affect such characteristics as sociability, endurance, a tendency to change impressions, and the ability to withstand stressful situations.
Step 3
Eysenck discovered two main features of temperament: stability and extraversion / introversion. The first determines the emotional stability, the second - the sociability of a person. Based on these properties, the scientist identified four types: sanguine (extrovert, stable), phlegamatic (introvert, stable), melancholic (introvert, unstable), choleric (extrovert, unstable).
Step 4
Often the features of the first, sanguine type, seem more attractive, but one cannot say that one temperament is better than the other. Each of them has certain advantages and disadvantages. In addition, it must be remembered that temperament does not determine a person's character, but the complexity in the upbringing of certain traits. Therefore, despite the impossibility of altering the mental characteristics of a person, you can learn to control emotions, communicate with other people and develop your weaknesses.
