You and your friend started studying at a music school in the same year. But classes were given to him easily, almost playfully, before the exam he was calm. You all day long memorized scales and etudes, but you still trembled outside the classroom door, waiting for your turn, and continued to make mistakes, causing the teachers to feel sad. "What a capable child!" - the adults were surprised at the success of your friend. You couldn't catch up with him. What's the matter? It was just that your abilities were not equal.
Instructions
Step 1
Abilities are individual psychological characteristics of a person, which are a condition for the successful performance of any type of activity. The rationale for the presence of abilities is the speed of mastering the activity, the quality of achievements and a persistent desire to continue working. The highest degree of development of abilities is called talent. Psychologists distinguish the following types of abilities:
1) educational (ensuring the assimilation of knowledge, abilities and skills) and creative (allowing to create a new, original product of activity);
2) general (universal for all types of activity) and special (necessary for the successful performance of a specific type). Special abilities, in turn, are divided into private ones, each of which is based on its own mental operations. Mathematical abilities, for example, rely on mathematical memory, logical thinking, fast switching. Constructive and technical abilities require advanced technical, spatial thinking. Musical abilities develop in the presence of an ear for music, memory, and a sense of rhythm. The basis of literary abilities is observation, emotionality, figurative memory, expressiveness of speech. Artistic and visual abilities are manifested in a sense of proportions, ratios, vision of light and color, etc.
Step 2
Natural prerequisites for the development of abilities are inclinations. They are formed at certain age intervals, and you need to know this time in order not to miss the favorable moment. The inclinations are innate anatomical and physiological features of the brain, nervous system, analyzers, which are conducive to the development of certain abilities. Age segments in which it makes sense to develop certain abilities are called sensitive periods. For example, it is necessary to begin to improve musical abilities from 2 to 6 years old, because it is then that a sense of rhythm and pitch hearing is formed. It is necessary to engage in the development of abilities, starting from early childhood, engaging the child with activities available for his age, so that the process goes smoothly and naturally. So, in kindergarten, kids are already learning to sculpt, draw, sing, recognize melodies, and design.
At primary school age, there are more opportunities for the all-round development of the personality: you can choose circles, sections, creative and educational centers. It should be remembered that it is not enough to develop abilities in any one area. Development should be conducted in several directions so that it is not one-sided.
Step 3
In the classroom for each type of activity, certain ways of working to develop the necessary skills are assumed. Methods of teaching music, drawing, technology, various sports have their own arsenal of techniques.
For the development of musical ear, for example, the following exercises are used: to sing the sound played on the instrument; determine the interval by ear; tap a rhythmic pattern; play one of the voices of a polyphonic piece.
Logical thinking is exercised through operations with concepts (generalization, analysis, comparison, etc.). Tasks: find an extra word in the group (ant, fly, dragonfly, bee, mosquito, jackdaw); on the ratio of the part and the whole (kitchen, wardrobe, dishes, lid); generalization, selection of a general concept for a number of particulars (rain, snow, hail = precipitation).
For the development of motor skills, dexterity, flexibility, coordination of movements, outdoor games, individual gymnastic exercises (somersaults, stances, etc.) are used.
