Memory is a cognitive mental process, complex in its structure, consisting of several stages: imprinting, memorizing, storing, recognizing and reproducing information. Psychologists call memory a "through" process - it unites all other processes of the human psyche into a single whole.
Instructions
Step 1
Memory is a process that is absolutely necessary for a person for normal existence. Preservation of information about already experienced experience not only allows a person to be a part of society, but also is of great importance for life. For example, if the child did not learn from the first time that it hurts to touch the hot, he would be burned again and again.
Step 2
Memorization is the process of capturing this or that information. By the presence or absence of a goal, memorization is deliberate and voluntary, and by its mechanism, it is mechanical and meaningful. Mechanical memorization can also be called memorization. With meaningful memorization, a person tries to create some kind of internal logical connections between the parts of the memorized material, therefore this type of memorization is firmly connected with the process of thinking.
Step 3
Saving is the process of storing received information in memory. Saving is dynamic and static. The first is typical for RAM, and the second is for short-term memory. And if during dynamic memorization information is slightly distorted in memory, then with static memorization it can change very, very much over time.
Step 4
Reproduction is the process of recreating the image of an object that was previously perceived by a person, but not perceived at the moment. Just like memorization, reproduction of information can be intentional and unintentional.
Step 5
There is another important process associated with human memory - forgetting. Forgetting is the inability to restore previously received information in memory. Moreover, forgetting is expressed in two forms. In the first case, the reproduction of the stored information is impossible, and in the second, the information is reproduced, but in a distorted form.
Step 6
Any memory-related processes are very individual. Science knows cases when people's memory was simply phenomenal. For example, A. S. Pushkin could learn a poem by another author completely after reading it twice, and V. A. Mozart could memorize complex pieces of music after a single listening. Memory is being trained, for this there are many techniques and exercises.
Step 7
In psychology, there are several main types of memory. There are three main criteria for separation: the nature of mental activity, the nature of the goals of the activity and the duration of information storage. By the nature of mental activity, the following types of memory are distinguished: - motor - memorization and reproduction of movements. Thanks to this memory, the child learns to walk; - emotional - memorizing feelings and emotions and their subsequent reproduction; - figurative - memory for ideas. With the help of such memory, a person remembers pictures of nature, life, smells, tastes, sensations; - verbal-logical - this is the name of the processes of memorizing and reproducing thoughts.
Step 8
By the nature of the goals of activity, memory is: - voluntary - when a person remembers some information intentionally (for example, memorizes a poem); - involuntary - spontaneous memorization. By the way, involuntary memory stores many times more information than voluntary memory.
Step 9
According to the duration of information storage, memory can be: - long-term; - short-term; - operative. Long-term memory is storing information for a long time, and short-term - for a short period of time. The time frame for both processes is very individual. Working memory is the memory that serves the current human activity. In this sense, it can be compared to the main memory of a computer.
